What's your skin type?

Photo by Davide Gallizio and Imaxtree.com 

Most of us know which skin type we have and how to treat it with the appropriate products. What many don't know is that an individual's skin changes throughout life, which is why it's necessary to understand all skin types and conditions. Internal factors that influence skin changes include genetic predisposition, hormonal changes, health issues, medications being taken, diet, and personal habits. External influences include climate/weather, skin care routine, products being used, and unprotected or prolonged sun exposure.

Skin types are categorized as dry, normal, combination, and oily, and are based primarily on how much oil (sebum) is produced in the skin. Although not considered skin types, dehydrated skin and sensitive skin are common skin conditions that I will highlight as well.

Dry--lack of oil produced in the skin, characterized by small follicles (pores). The natural oil secretions in our follicles help protect us from environmental damage and aging. Dry skin needs extra care because it lacks this normal protection. If your skin is dry, it will feel tight after cleansing and even tighter if you don’t moisturize. Extremely dry skin is very uncomfortable and may even flake or itch. Consider taking an oral supplementation of essential fatty acids, such as omega-3, and use a gentler, less-stripping cleanser (cream form rather than gel or bar soap).

Dehydrated--skin that lacks water. While common for those with dry skin, dehydration is a condition that can be seen with all skin types. Dehydrated skin can look thin or flaky and can feel tight and dry. This condition is also common among those with oily and acne-prone skin who use harsh products that strip the skin of water, such as those containing benzoyl peroxide.

Normal--ideal and least problematic skin type which has good oil-water balance. Follicles are a normal size and circulation is good, with a healthy complexion.

Combination--areas of skin are oilier and/or drier than other areas. It is common for the T-zone (forehead, nose and chin area) to be oily and the cheeks to be dry. Combination skin needs to be balanced and often requires more care than normal skin, possibly even treating each area separately. Topical vitamin A is very useful as a skin "normalizer" and can be used on both oily and dry areas of combination skin.

Oily--excess of oil (sebum), characterized by large follicles and shiny skin, especially in the T-zone. Oily skin is more prone to blemishes because the larger pores often get clogged with oil and buildup of dead skin cells. On a positive note, oily skin ages more slowly because of the protection provided by oil secretions. Water-based hydrators and products containing salicylic acid are best for balancing oily skin.

Sensitive--skin condition characterized by fragile, thin skin and redness. People with sensitive skin have to be extra careful about what they put on their skin. It can be easily irritated by fragrances, parabens (preservatives), dyes, and even chemicals in certain sunscreens. It's important to use products specifically made for sensitive skin, which are usually gentler and non-irritating.

As basic as this information may seem, it's essential to know and recognize our ever-changing skin! Please feel free to share questions and comments; I'd love to help you achieve your skin goals!

Oh ya, and remember to lather up with a broad spectrum sunscreen!

xo, Brittany